System of control



A. J. HALL.

SYSTEM oF CONTROL.

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R/ O/ MH@ E vJ. mr a M r A vcu RYWM E s mf.. wf

ATTORNEY A. 1. HALL.

SYSTEM 0F CONTROL.

Patented Jan. 11, 1921.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

APPLICATION FILED OCT'S, T917.

A. J. HALL.

SYSTEM 0F CONTROL.`

APPLICATION man 0013.191?.

1,365,316. Patented Jan. 11, 1921.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

WITNESSES @XM BY INVENTOR Arthur J Hal/ A. J. HALL.

Patented Jan. 11, 1921,

4 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

l .257` A.257 i WITNFSSES: INVENTOR Arf/zu/J/d/ ALTO'RNEY i UNITED STATES ARTHUR J. HALL, F WILKINSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO WESTIN'GHOUSE* PATENT OFFICE.

ELECTRIC a 'MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CoEPonA'rroN or PENNSYLVANIA.

SYSTEM OE CONTROL.

Application filed October 3,

! trol and especially to the automaticcontrol lating to certain improvem nts of portions of electric railwayvehicle motors during the accelerating and the regenerative periods.

The object of my invention is to provide a relatively simple and inexpensive system of the above-indicated character which shall involve a plurality of desirable automatically-operating features whereby an efficient, reliable and substantially fool-prooi system is :obtained More specifically stated, it is the object of my invention to provide a relatively simple control system that is adapted 'for' both accelerating and regenerative opera tion of a plurality of dynamo-electric machines, the system being automatically controlled not only in accordance with the value ofv the machine current as is usual, but alsoin accordance with the speed.

Other minor'objects of m' invention reof the control system will/ be evident from the subsequent description and are pointed out with particularity in the accompanying claims.

My'nvention may' best be understood'by referenceto the accompanying drawings,

wherein Figure 1 is a diagrammatic vlew of the main circuits o f a system of control embodying theinvention; Fig. 2 1s a-'d1a grammatic view 'of an auxiliary governing system for the main circuits that are shown l in Fig. 1; Fig; 3 is a-detaileddiagrammatic Aview of one of the mainlcircuitswitches;-

Fig. 4 is r adiagrammatic view of an aux# iliary system, corresponding to Fig. 2, illustrating a modification of the invention;

Fig. 5 and 6 are 'semi-'diagrammatic views, in end elevation and in longitudinal section on the line VI--VL respectively, of' a portion of a `vehicle carrying a control -f accessory that. iselnployed in the present Y invention; and Fig.A 7 is a diagrammatic. view of an auxiliary interlockingsystem Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented J an. 11, 192.1. 1917. seriai No. 194,436.

,A2 and field windings F1 and F 2' of the series type; a reversing switch RS, prefer-- ably of a familiar electrically-controlled type, as indicated in F ig. 2, but here shown 1n a conventional manner, for the purpose of reversing the connections of each main armature; an auxiliary motor-generator set 15 that is fed from the supply circuit` for the purpose of providing-an auxiliary excitation tothe main-field windings during both acceleration and regeneration; a plurality of variable accelerating resistors 1, 2 and 3 that are connected in the' main circuits, in a manner to be setl lforth, to be varied by 'a controller 4 having an actuating mechanism 5; a plurality-of stabilizing resistors 6 and 7 that are associated with both the main-armature circuitsv andthe exciting circuits; a plurality-of auxiliary 'resistors 8 and 9 for governing the operation Iof the motor-generator set 15; a controller .1() having an actuating mechanism 11, similar to the above-mentioned mechanism 5,

' for varying the active circu it Value of the resistor'9; a lurality of switches LS, M1, J, SB, M2, and F; and a'pluralit of relay devices16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22 an 23, which may be respectively designated as acceleration limit switch, regeneration limit switch, line-,balancing relay, l.motor-balancin g relay, differential relay,overv0ltage relay and field relay.

'The acceleration controller 4 is provided with a plurality of contact segments v30, 31 and 32 for varying the active circuit values of the accelerating resistors 1, 2 and 3 in a peculiar and novel manner, as hereinafter Set forth in detail. The controller is adapted .to occupy a pluralityof positions a to f, inousive, the normal or initial position being @,as illustrated.v A plurality of auxiliary-,circuiti Contact segments and control A lingers, a portion of which is illustrated in y Fig.. 1, are l'employed for various urposes to be set 'forth in connection with Ppig. 2.

The actuating mechanism 5 is of an electrically. controlled, fluid-pressure-operated type, comprising 'a pinion 35 `viliich is se-v cured to-the upper end of the operating shaft 36 for the' controller 4 to mesh with a horizontally-rumble rack member 37, the opposite ends. of which constitute pistons 38 and 39 thattravel within appropriate The mechanical operation of the actuating mechanism 5 requiresbut a brief description. By energizing the actuating coil On-l, the valve 43 isv closed to pernnt the normally present fluid pressure in the cylinder 41 to exhaust to the atmosphere,

while the normally present fiuill pressure in' the other'cylinder 40 actuates the pistons 38 and 39 toward the right, and 'therefore moves the controller 4 toward the left through its successive'operative positions. Movement in the opposite direction may be accomplished in an equally simple manner by energizing only the Off-1 magnet, whereby movement of the controller 4 toward its off or initial position a is produced.

To arrest either of the movements kjust recited at any time, it is of course merely necessaryv to. denergize the active ma net coil, whereupon balanced high-pressure uid conditions again obtain in the mechanism and a positive and reliable stoppage thereof is roduced.

he-field-excitation controllerv 10 is eiiiployed for varying the active' circuit.value of the .resistor 9 to correspondingly change the delivered voltage of the motor-generator set 15, a'nd,"therefoi e, the excitation of the Vnia-in machines, as subsequently set forth in detail. A plurality of sets of independent contact segments 50 and 51,.ar,e4 provided tc suitably engage control fingers 52 that are connected tol various points of the resistor 9, the contact segments 50 succeivelyl engaging the control fingers 52 to gradually short-circuit the resistor 9 as the `controller is actuated from its initial or off position a to its intermediate position j', corresponding to series operation of the main machines, while the contact segments 51 successively'engage 'control fingers 52 to perform a similar function as the controller is moved from intermediate position 7c" to final position t', corresponding to parallel connection of themain machines. A plurality of auxiliary-circuitA contact segments and control fingers, a portion of which are illustrated in 1, are also provided for A counte,

v tric machines.

effecting certain controloperations beset l forth in. connection with Fig. 2.

The actuating mechanism 11 is an exact art of the previouslydescribed mechanism 5, but, to distinguish the actuating coils thereof from those of the mechanism 5, the designations On--2 and-Off-2 have been adopted, signifying,' as before, that the energization of the on coil produces forward .movement of the controller in the `direction of the arrow labeled Accelerationf. while energization of the o coil effects a return movement of the controller inthe directionof the arrow marked Re eneration.Y 'n f T e motor-generator set 15 is shownas comprising anauxiliary motor or drivin armature 55 whichis mechanically coupl by a shaft 56, for example, to an exciting or generator armature 57; The driving armature 55 is provided with a series-related field Winding 58, While the exciting Aarmature 57 has a plurality offield windings' 59 and 60 which are respectively connected in series lrelation with the auxiliary driving armature 55 and with the main dynamo-elec- The two field windin 59 and 60 are adapted to act differential y or buck each other under accelerating vconditions and to act cumulatively or boost each other during regeneration. The field winding 59 is shunted b the variable resistor 9, whereby the maineld winding excitation may be varied in accordance with the movements of the controller 10. The main current-excited field winding 60 is preferably shunted by a surge-absorbing resisto'i` 8 and may be short-circuited by the closure'of'the switch F under predetermined abnormal conditions, as subsequently described.

The acceleration limit switchl 16 may have its actuating coil connected in the customary series'relation with the main'armature A2, for example, and the movable core or plunger member is provided with bridg-I ing contact members and 66 for governingcertain auxiliary circuit connections to be set forth in the description of*l Fig. 2.

The regeneration limit' switchV 17 has its actuating coil connected in series relation with the stabilizing resistor `7 and is provided with a plurality of auxiliarycircuit bridging contact iicmbeis 67 and 68.

' lie linc-baancisg relay 18 comprises a magnetizable core member 69 and a plurality of differentiallyrelated actuating coils 7.0 and 71 that are .respectively energized in accordance with the su ply circuit or line voltage and with lthe vo tage of the main armature A1. The motor-balancing relay 19 is similarly constructed, having a pluralityof actuatingl coils 73 and 74 that lll .l8andv 1.9 are respectively provided 'with auxiliary-circuit bridging contact members 72 and 75; lThe'preferred structure of the balancing relays 18 and l9.'is'- s et forth and .claimed 1n a copending application ofC. C.

Whittaker, Serial ,No.1v 175,595, tiled June Y The Objet ofthe 'relays '1e andI l19 is te automatically balance the vline voltage and vthe motor voltage duri coasting'periods to permit connection to the supply circuit- Under conditions o'f, `balanced voltage` rela-` tion, the relays occupy their upper posi-y tions, while ani' excess offfmachine voltage normal operatingconditions, the differential 92 in Seriesrelationwith the axle-driven armature 'an'dthe ,variable 'resistor 9G.` Since the voltage "of the axledriven maf. lchine is a measure of the vehicle speed, it

follows that, by adjusting the controller 86,

detail in connection with t The differential relay'20 compriseslamovs able 'core member 76, an actuating coil 77' Y that is connected in Series relation lwith' the mainv larmature A1, a dilerentially-'y woundcoil 7 8 that is connected acros'slthe,l 'main eld winding F1., and an' auxiliary causes the relay- 18 lto -bel a'ctuatedto itsv lower position, and an excess'of supply-cir#` cuit voltage effects the actuation ofthefreiA Alay 19 to its lower position .to producethedesired regulating'operation, as Set forth' .i n i.

` may bem'e'chafnicallygdriven from the Wheel circuit bridging contact member 79." Under .relay'20z remains in its illustrated lower position, but wheneverthe armature amperej vturns exceed'the field-winding ampere-turnsby a predetermined amount slightlyv less than the critical value liable to produce flash-overl conditions, the relay lifts'to open certain auxiliary I circuit connections and prevent such undeslrable cond1t1ons. F3.

The over-voltage' relay 22 has its actuating coil connected across the'main armature," A2 to interrupt certain lauxiliary''circuits in the event of abnormal voltage. conditions',

such as may be caused, orexample, by the sudden failure of supply-circuit voltage during the regenerative period.`

The field-.relay 23 has an actuating'coil for the exciting' armature v57,andiis pro vided witha bridging contact member 82 for permitting the closure of the 'lineswitch S only under substantially stable afield.

eXcitationfcondition/s, as subsequently .set

forth in detail. vA. second bridging co. member 83 is also provided for the pui of short-crcuiting a portion of the reg at ing resistor-9 under unstable or fluctuating field-excitation conditions, whenv the relay occupies its upper position.

Reference may vnow be. had

" 'to' rig; a,

l wherein the auxiliary governingcircuits shown comprise the-supplyconductorsTrolley and Ground; the -variousactuating coils and auxiliary ,contact members thatv are maintain the vehicle 'speed illustrated in Fig. l, together with a familiar type that is illustrated in detail in Fig. 3; amaster controller MC having a plurality of operative positions Lower,

Hol'df and yRaise for governing the accel' rality of-electrical interlock members of the i eratingoperationfof the main machines,A and Balance Hold and ,Bra'kel correspond-"1 lingto,regeneratior i; a master reverser- MR ofthe.,customaryjtypm an auxiliary source fof energy, such" asia battery Brun axle-1y driven generator 85 having a regulating A controller 8 6 vfor g'overni-1'1g.,tl ie operationfof'r `a speed relay 2 1to controleeitai'n aulxilia circuits; a line-switch relay243for contro eominutatorg'type armature thaty n iay 'be mounted-upon an idle tru'c'kfaxle'- 88" or that axlesf orfarmatureshaftsin an other convenient vmanner; "and-a1'sulta le lexciting adapted to fbej varied inactive circuit value ,by a'suitable contact segment 9 1 ofthe con- 1 troller 86, thus adjusting. the setting ofthe speed relay 21 which has its actuating coil `lield'winding 89, `whichyisjhere shown as be' A ing 'of .the shunt-typeafA A resistor-90 is' the speed relay-21 may be so energized that it willlift to interrupt` any desired circuitsv whenever thei'vehicle'- speed,exceeds a prede@ termined value. In this-way, 'the speedfre# lay 2lprevents the vehicle from exceeding i j a"given speedy value ing the machine fr* than one rei witho Nfl ut, however,'open.-'

determined limits, asset forth, for example,

l desired, more' in a copending applicationlof Rudolf Hellmund, Serial Electric & Manufacturing Company. This o.171',16 6,fliled May 26 11917, and Zassigned to the `illestinghouse.

application/hasv matured lintof Patent Nogfv 1,328,514, granted Jan-,20, 1920. .f The adjustment .ofthe controller may celnaznuahifdesired, but, under certain ope ng conditions,i suchl as when traveling AVlily populated districts or in a sub Y having a heavy volume of 'tralic-,z it may be desiredhto automaticallylimit the i-ehicle speed, whichI may be accomplished through the agency Iofftra'ckY ramps that ormay notbe controlledfrom the customary. sf naltowers. .',Suchoperation of y the-contro ller 86 'wiil be subsequentl "'de# sciabedinecnneaion warrig, aand f'ie- 6 The line-switchl-relayi isz-:provided with of bridgin contact members 94 and 95. The

purpose o the relay is to permit the use of a uick-opening line switch that 1s energized from the supply circuit and Athat may be caused to drop out upon sudden low-voltage surges, such as occur in theevent of a Shortcircuit upon the trolley system, so that the 'main machines will be disconnected from the supply circuit before the occurrence of the high-voltage surge which immediately follows the instantaneous low-voltage conditions just recited, as is well known.

Assuming that it is desired to effect acceleration of the main machines from rest,

the master reverser MR may be actuated to l its forward position and the master controller MC to its raise position.

A circuit-is thereupon established .from the positive terminal of the battery B, through conductor .100, 'train-line conductor 101, Yconductor 102, control fingers 103 and 120, which ,are bridged by contact segment 105 of the master controller, conductor 121, train-line conductor 122, conductors 123 and 124, the parallel-related. actuating coils of the switches J and SB, interlock 4--a of the controller 4 in its inltial position a, conductor 125., auxiliary contact segment 126 of the field-excitation controller 10 in its position a', conductors 127, 128 and 129, trainline conductor 130 and conductor 131 to the negative terminal of the battery B. A hold- 'ing circuit for the actuating coils of the switches J and SB is formed, upon the closure of the switch J, from the lower terminals of the actuating coils throughinterlock J-in to conductor 125, whence a circuit is completed as just traced. A further holding circuit, for preventing the opening of the switch J during the transition of the machines' from series to parallel relation, is provided by connecting the interlock J-in, just mentioned,'through interlock G-out to the negative battery conductor 129.

- Another circuit is simultaneously completed from the conductor 124, through the actuatin coil of the switch M1, to the negative-con uctor 129.

A further auxiliary circuit is then established from the Imaster controller contact segment 105 through control fingerV 104, con- 'ductor 106, contact segment 107 of the master reverser MR in its forward position, conductor 108, train-line conductor 10 8a,con

- ductor 109, contact segment of the mainthe main machines and is subsequently held 'tact member 80 of the over-voltage relay 22 in its normal or lower position, actuating coill of the line-switch rela 24, bridging contact member 82 of the fiel relay 23 in its 'l5 normal or lower position, contact segment 4-a, conductor 115, and interlock J-in, to the negative conductor 129.

Upon the energization of the circuit 'ust traced, the line-switch rela 24 is closed to complete a holding-circuit or itself from its actuating coil throu h its contact member -94 to the ne ative con uctor 129, whereb the closure o the line switch is subsequent y independent of the position of the accelerating controller 4.

Another circuit is then completed from the trolley through conductor' 140, voltagereducing resistor 141, bridging contact member 95 of the line-switch relay 24 in its upper position, the actuating coil of the line switch LS, interlock LS-out and conductor 142 to ground, thus effecting the closure of the line switch after the relays 18, 22, 23 and 24 occupy the proper positions. Since the energy required to maintain the line switch closed is materially less than that required to effect the closure, a resistor 143 may be connected in series relation with the actuating coil of the line-switch after its closure b reason of the interruption of a shunt circuit around the resistor 143 by the interlock LS-out.

A further circuit is established from the master controller contact segment 105 through .control finger 132, conductor 133, train-line conductor 134, conductor 135, interlock LS--in, bridging contact members 68 and 66 of the ne neration limit switch 17 and acceleration ',imit switch -16 in their lower positions, interlocks J-inand G`out, conductor 136, actuating coil On-1, and conductors 137 and 138 to the negative conductor 129. The accelerating controller 4 is thus actuated through its successive posiv therefore, the main circuit, indicatedby the solid arrows, (Fi 1), is established from the trolley throug conductors and 151, line switch LS, conductor 152, switch M1, actuating coil 77 lof the differential relay 20,

reversing switch RS and fnain armature A1, 125

conductor 153, control finger 154, contact segment 30 and control `finger A155 of the A'controller 4, the entire resistor 1, conductor 156, resistor 3, switch J the entire resistor 2, control finger 157, contact segment 31,

control finger 158, conductor 159, actuating coil of thel acceleration limit switch 16 reversing switch RS and mainarmature A2, junction-point 160, u'conductor 161, the actuating coil oftheregeneration limit switch field windings, junction-point 163, conductors 164 'and 165, where the circuit divides, one branchincludingfieldl winding 60 for the auxiliary generator armature 57 andk the actuating coil of the-field relay 23, and the other branch including shunting resistor 8, circuit being vcompleted through conductor 166-to ground. i l

The excitingor main-field-winding circuit, indicated by the dotted arrows, is established from the positive terminal of the auxiliary generator armature 57 vthrough conductor 164 to junction-point 163, where the circuit divides, one branch including stabilizing resistorl 7, conductors 161 and 167 main field winding F2 and conductor 168 to another'junction-point 169',l and the other branch. traversing stabilizing `resistor' 6, 'conductors 170 and 171,y main field winding F1 and conductor 172, to the junctionpoint 169, whence` a common circuit is completed-through conductor 173 to the nega-- tive terminal of the generator armature.

l The main armatures A1 and A2 are thus connected in series relation with the accelerating resistors 1, 2 and and the stabilizing resistors 6 and 7 across the supply circuit, while the main field windings F1 and F2 areconnected through the common exciting armature 57 acrossthe stabilizing resistors 6 and 7, respectively. l

An auxiliary circuitA is established from the trolley through conductor 144, switch 145, conductor 146, auxiliary driving armature 55, series-related `field winding 58 therefor and field lwinding 59 for the auxiliary generator armature 57 to the negative supply-circuit conductor ,Ground As the acceleration controller 4 is gradually moved towardits final position f, the resistors 1, 2 and 3 are excluded from'circuit in the following sequence. In position b, contact segment 32 bridgesresistor 3, which remains short-circuitedin positions b to f, inclusive, of the, controller. In position c and position e, certain sections ofthe resistor 1 are first short-circuited and then open-circuited by reason of the peculiar arrangement of circuit elements, while, in the alternate positions d and f, similar mani ulation of the resistor2 is effected. he mainmachines are thus accelerated in a step-by-stepimanner to full series relation as soon as the accelerating controller occupiesits position f.

' A further auxiliary circuit is thereupon A established from the master controller contact segment 105 through control fin er 175, conductor 176, train-line conductor 1 7, conductor 178, bridgingcontact member 930i the speed relay 21 `in its lower position, bridging contact member 79 of the differential relay 20 in its lower position, interlock LSe-in, conductor 179, bridging contact member 65 of the acceleration limit switch 16, when occupying its lower position, actuating coil On-2 of the operating mechanism 11, `conductor 4180, contact segment 4-f, `conductor 115 and interlock J-in, t'o the negative conductor 129.

The field-excitation controller 10. is thus actuated through its operative position a. to j', inclusive, corresponding to series o eration of the main machines, in laccor ance with the movements of the limit switch 16, the resistor 9 being thus gradually shortcircuited to decrease the delivered voltage ofthe auxiliary generator armaturev 57 and thereby weaken the main-field-winding excitation to produce higher operating speeds, in accordance with familiar principles.

When lthe field-excitation controller 1i()v passes beyond position j', to the transition position, the entire resistor 9 is reconnected in circuit in readiness foroperation during theparallel connection ofthe main machines. reached its position k, a circuit is established from the positively-energized conductor 124 through the parallel-related ac tuating' coils of the switches M2 and G, contact segment 4,-f, conductor 181, control finger 182, which engages contact segment 126 of the controller 10 in its position k',

and thence through conductors -127 and 128,

to the negative conductor 129. A holding circuit for-the actuating coils of the switches M2 and G is formed, upon `the closure of the switch G, from the lower terminals of the actuating coils through interlock G-in to the control finger 182, [hence circuit is completed as just traced.'

During the movement of the controller 10 from its final series position j to .its initial parallel position 7c', the previously-traced' circuit forthe actuating coil f the switch J, including conductors 125 and 127, is'interrupted at the Contact segment 126 before the circuit of the actuating.. coils for the switches M2 and G is completed. However, an open-circuit transition is effectively avoided by theprovision of the interlock G-out yin series relation with interlock As soon as the controller 10 has.

J-in and the actuating coil of the switch J, whereby the switch J is. opened only after the switch G has closed to complete the desired transition of the main machines. To

avoid'the possibility of the field-excitation controller 10 halting in .a transition position at any time, a contact segment 10--j` to lc directly connects conductors.123v and 135, to

insure the energi'zation of the coil On1 or the coil Off-1 durin the transitional operation of the control er.

The switch SB- is opened at the same time as the switch J to connect the stabilizing re- .sistors 6 and-7 in series circuit relation with l switch 17. and the acceleration limit switch 16, respectively, interlocks 183' and 138 to the, negative conductor 129, to effect a backwardv step-by-step movement of the acceleration controller 4 in accordance with the movements of the acceleration limit switch 16.

Referring temporarily to Fig. 1, the main circuits completed byy the series-parallel brid ng transition just trace as follows: from the line switch- LS, one circuit is continued through conductor 190, switch M2, conductor, 191, the entire resistor 2 in the opposite directionv from that taken duringseries acceleration of the machines, control finger l91a, contact segment 31 and control finger '158 of the controller 4, conductor 159,' actuating coil of the acceleration limit switch 16, reversing switch RS and main armature A2, and thence to ground, as previously-traced. A similar parallel-related circuit is continued from .the line switch LS through conductor 152, switch M1, mainarmature A1 and conductor 153,' to the control finger y154 of the acceleration controller 4, as hereinbefore setV forth from 'which point circuit is now come pleted'through contact .segment 30, control finger 192, entire resistor 1, in the opposite directionfrom. that'taken during series'acceleration, conductor 19211, switch G,. conductors I193 and 170, and thence through the stabilizing resistor- 6 to ground.

By actuating the controller .4 backwardlyin a step-by-step manner, itwill be observed that -the resistors 1 and 2 are gradually excluded from circuit byv reason of the peculiar Ainterrelation of-'contact segments and con- -trol fingers that are associated with the resistors' and the previously-mentioned reversalof current' through the accelerating resistors. The removal of the short-circuit from the resistor 3 when the .controller has returned to its position a, is'of no consequence, since the switch J is opened and the resistor 3 is not included '.in any active circuit.v i

As soon as the acceleration controller 4 has reached its position a, the movement of the field-excitation controller 10 fromposition k to the final position t" is permitted.

J-fut and G'-in, actuating coil- Off-1 and conductors described may be i The controller 10 isy held in its position lc during the backward movement of the lcontroller 4 by reason ofthe interruption of the previously-traced energizing circuit for the actuatingc il On-2 at the interlock .J-in. However, a r the controller 4 has returned to its position a, a new energizing circuit is established fr'om the Ilower terminal of the actuating coil On2 through conductor 180,

ed in full parallel relation by the exclusion l of the accelerating resistors 1 and 2 from their circuits.

To summarize, therefore, the main'armatures A1 and A2 are initially connectedy in series-circuit, relation with the accelerating resistors 1, 2 and 3, the main field windings F1 and F2 being energized from the auxiliary generator armature 57. The accelerating resistors are then gradually excluded from circuit by forward movement of the controller 4, whereupon the field excitation controller 10 ,is manipulated to further weaken the main field-excitation.

ing transition of the main armatures to 1" parallel relation is then effected, after which reverse movement of the acceleration controller 4 isutilized to exclude the resistors 1 and 2 from circuit, and the field-excitation controller 10 is then a ain moved in a for'- ward direction to further weaken the main field-excitation.

i If the master controller is returned to its position hold the contact segment becomes disenga d lfrom the control fingers and 132, w erebylthe previously-traced circuits for the actuating coils Ori-2 and On-l or Off-1 are denergized-to permit the restablishment vof balanced Huid-pressure conditions in the operating mechanisms 5 and 11 and thus hold the corresponding controllers in whatever position they happen to occupy.

In the vlower position of the master controller, control finger 132is again engaged to permit energization of either the Oii-l or the Off-1 coil to gradually exclude the accelerating resistors from circuit, while a new auxiliary -circuit is established from the contact segment 105 through control finger 200, conductor 201, train-line conductor 202, conductor 203, interlock LS-in, conductor 204, bridging contact member 67 of the regeneration limit switch 17 in its'lower position, the actuating coil Oil- 2, and thence through either contact members 4-f and vJ-in or 4-a and (ir-in, dependent upon concurrent main-circuit conditions, to the negative oonductor 129. The field-excitation controller vis thus moved backwardly to gradually-increase the main field-excitation and thusore duce or lower the main-machine speed.I

In case the vehicle speedexceeds the predetermined limit lthat-corresponds to the .l raised to `its uppe'r position to interrupt the -circuit'of the actuating coil On`-2, thus preventing furtherfora-fard.movement of the pleting a newcircuit from Vthe ositively-energized conductor123l throng conductors S-in, and

the heid-excitation controller is reversed in direction to accomplish a' similar result to its lower, position,v j

Assuming that the master controller lhas been moved toy itsoi f position-to deneik gize the governed circuits and allow coasting of the mainmachines, land-that it 's' desired to effect regenerative braking, the master controller may be moveduto its initial regenerative `posit'ion .marked Balance,

whereby the control .fingers-103 and 120 are bridged by contact segment 1051' of the master controller. The switch' M1. is thereupon closed in accordance with previously-.traced circuits, but Athe parallel-connecting switches M2 and G and the series-connecting switches J and SB are not initially closed by reason of' the interruption of the energizing. cir

cuits for their actuatingcoils in either the accelerating controller 4 tion controller 10. Y v

However, another circuit is continued from 'the positively-energized conductor' 123l through conductor 205 to conductor 205a.

V Consequently, in the'event that the line `or l supply-circuit voltageteinporarily exceeds the momentum-driven machine voltage, the motor-balancing. relay 119, is moved to its lowerposition by reasonof the predominance of its lower coilg74, andacircuit .is

thus completed from the conductor 205a through 'bridging contact member '75 of the relay 19,-conductor- 2 04, bridging contact member 67 of thel regeneration limit switch '.17 in its lower position, actuatin coil Off-2,

conductor 180 and'interlock L '-out lto the negative conductor '129.'

to gradually strengthen the excitation of the stantially'equal value with the .supply-cirfcuit voltage.

On the other hand, if, by reasonof .a relal tively 'high rate of coasting speed, the momentum-driven armature voltage ris tembalance of supply-circuit voltage 'and mo- 130 .thencethroughtheactuating coil One-1; or. through control ;ingers'209 and 212 which y the actuating coil Off-4. Thus, ifthe con- `i nsert the nesistorsl' and 2 in circuit,` while,. v.ifthefcontroller 11 `occupiesany of its p`os` ating resistors in circuit.

or the field-excita interlocks 4.-@ ofvl--f and the remainder The field-excita` tion controller 10 is thus'm'oved backwardly' age, the line-balaiicin relay. 18 is actuated to its lower positiony reasonl of theprementioned interlock'LS#oi1`t to themegative n conductor 129. f 'j In this wa ,the controller 10 '4b field-excitation controller 1 0, and then com is moved forwardly" to ecreas'e ntheiinainv field-excitation and lthus''ri'educethe voltage ofthe main armatures tothe desired value.

205 and 206, bridging contact member 93"' l of thespeed 'relay', 1nv its upper osition, and i conductor 1207 tO .interlock thence to the', actuating coilvv Off-2,. whereby During the coasting vperiod, aA further auxiliary circuit is established from' the 80 train-line conductor 101 th'rou h conductor 208, interlock- LS-out, contro fingers 209 and 210, which are bridged by contact seg- `ment 211 of the field-excitation controller 10 to the manipulation` of the` master controller in any of its positions t to cf, inclusiveyand` are Abridged by the contact segment 211 in' positions j .to' a', inclusive, and through troller v11 occupies lits positions correspond- 'ing toparallel connection-of the main arma' tures, the acceleration `controller .4 is moved forwardly toward its position f to gradually t ion s. corresponding to `series connection ofv the'main machines, the'acceleration controllerv 4 isi-:moved backwardly toward its -po'sition a to again' gradually insert the-acceler` The position ofthe acceleration controller 4, therefore,vthatl it finally assumes, is the onecorresponding to active' circuit inclusion of thef accelerating resistors for the particular (parallel or seris) connection that the main armatures ta e.

Consequently, as so'onas the acceleration controller 4 has reached either of itsextreme series connecting or :parallel connecting switches J and SB, and M2 and G', respectively, are closed by reason of the eniengigization 4of their actuating coils through the 1.15 of the'previously-traced circuits.

In this way, the, field-excitation vcontroller 10 is automatically manipulated in accordance with the relation of supply-circuit voltage to main-armature voltage and the proper sets of switches are closed, dependent upon the speed of the vehicle; that 1s, the aral el-connecting switches are closed under igh-speed conditions and the series-connect' ing switches under low-speed conditions when parallel regeneration of-'the Imain armatureswould not be feasible.

If the master controller has been actuated to its position Brake when the desired is substituted for the contact se ent 10a'.

The line switch LS is then c osed through the line-switch relay 24, as previouslysetforth, andregenerati've operation lbe ins.'v

The actuating coils Oil-1 and On-l'o the acceleration controller 4 are then successively energized during parallel and series relatlon of the momentumdriven armatures,

respectively, in accordance with the movements of the' regeneration limit switch 17.

The controlling circuits. are the .same as those previously tracedin connectlon with acceleration. v y

The backward movement of the field excitationv controller 10 is controlled by the intermittent .energization of theV actuating coil Oli-2 in accordance with the movements of the regeneration limit switch 17, the initial energization of the coil" Oil- 2 being prevented, until the acceleration controller 4 has excludedthe accelerating resistors 1 and 2 from circuit, by reason of the inclusion ofthe cont ct segments 4-a and 4-f and the interloc s G-''m and J-in in the circuit of the coil Off- 2.

Without furth'er description, 'it will be understood that the transition of the regenerating machines from parallel to series relation is accomplished in a manner opposite to that set forth for series-parallel transition dur- -ing acceleratioman open circuit being again revented by reason of the illustrated interlbcking of the switches J and Gr. `y

The field-excitation controller' 10 is thus gradually moved backwardly .to its initial operative position ato increase the main field-excitation as the retardation speed of the main machines gradually decreases.

The functions of the several relay devices `16 to 24, inclusive, have, for the most part,

been set forth in detail, and it is believed that no additional Ydescription further than brief mention of the diii'erential relay 20 and the over-voltage rela v22 is necessary.

In the event of a pre etermined undesirable increase of main-armature ampere-turns over main-fxeld-winding am returns, the diierential relay 20 is raise to its circuito nin sitionto interru tthe energizatlon of t e actuating coil n--2 and thus revent further weakening of the main geld-excitation untll the normal ratlo of ampere-turns again obtains.

22 remains in its vlower position and lmeissie i Under conditions of an unduly high mainarmature voltage, which may occurA 1n the illustrated system in the event of a sudden v interruption of supply-circuit voltage dur ing the regenerative period, the over-vol re a y 22 is lifted to its circuit-o ning position, whereby Athe circuit for t e actuatin g coil of the line-switch relay 24 is interrup to consequently open the line switch and disconnect the main machines from the supply)circuit. V

urinlperiods of inactivity of the control system, occupies itsy 1 Off position, it is desirable to reduce the current traversing the main field win `to -correspondin y decrease the heat a magnetic losses.' uch operation is automatically efected'by the use of an interlock Ml-out for short-circuiting the -field winding 59 for the auxilia generato!" armature 57, as illustrated in ig. 1.

It will be observed that the uating coil for the' switch Fis connected ween the at is, while themaster controllerzol positive conductor l123 and the negative cons ductor '129' through .'eitherl of the limit. switches 16 and 17.- Co uently, in the event of a-relatively high acce erating or regenerative' current, the corresponding limit switch'is raised .to the position that energizes,

the actuating coil for the switch F. In this' Way,l the main-current-excited field wind' 60 forthe auxiliary exciter armature 57 is short-circuited to reduce the main field-exa citation and, therefore, the main-armature current.

Reference may now be had to Fig. 5 andv Fig. 6, wherein an apparatus that is associated with the track is shown for manipu-f lating the controller 86 of Fi 2 in accordance with predetermined spee requirements over a certain zone 'of travel.

The structure shown comprises a suitable car body 225 which is 'provided with a plu journal rality of downwardly-extendin boxes 226 for supporting a rotata le truckaxle 227, to the opposite ends of which wheels 228 are lattached to run along the usual rails of the track.

The main journals 226, or any other convenient stationary portion of the vehicle underframing, may be employed for carrying a pair of small bearing members 230, within which is rotatably mounted the operating shaft for the controller 86. The controller is preferably of the familiar drum type, comlll prlsing a cylinder or body member 229, u n

which the contact segment 91 is mounte in the customary manner, and which is provided with a plurality of longitudinally and 4circumferentially spaced lpins or arms 231 to 236 inclusive, for the purpose of respecv tively engaging a lurality of track ram or posts 237, whic are laterall spaced 1n accordance with the longitudina spacing of the drum arms and are vlocated along the l. being of a movable character and controlled from a signal tower in any suitable manner.

the direction indicated by the arrows in ig. 6, when the downwardly-extending pin or -arm 231 stri-kes an alined postor ramp 237,

vbe' partially excluded. from circuit to coil -92 for the speed relay 91 and thus cause strengthen thev energization of the actuating the lifting of the relay at a lower speed than that corresponding to the utilization of the entire resistor l90. ,Any desired speed requirements throughout a given zone or stretch of track 'may thus be automatically imposed upon the traveling vehicle irrespective of the-operation of the master controller, since the actuationof the speed relay to its upper position eects a backward movement of the field-excitation controller 10 and, therefore, a reduction of vehicle speed, as previously explained. It will be understood that the semi-diagrammatic views" of Figs. 5 and 6 are presented for illustrative pure poses only and that any other type of mechanismfor performing similar functions, in accordance with the location along the track of the traveling vehicle, may be employed.

Referring to Fig. 4, the auxiliary governing system shown may be substituted for a portion of the previously-described auxiliary system of Fig. 2, if desired, fo;` controlling the main circuitsof Fig. 1. The modified system, in general, employs' a lurality of speed relays that are controlled y the axledriven generator 85 for automatically varying circuit connectionsin accordance with thefvehicle speed under predetermined conditions, and a plurality of track-controlled eov switches, for .performing a function similar to that set forth` in connection with-F ig. 5 and Fig. 6, arealsoprovided.

For the sake of simplicity and clearness, certain desirable parts of the control system have been omitted in order to emphasize the differences between the two systems that are shown in' Fig. 2 and Fig.` 4. It will beunderstood, therefore, that certain ofthe aul tomatic' control features that are shown in Fig. 2, in-practice are preferably incorporated in the modified system.

.. The system of Fi 4 is shown as compris-- fngtlie actuating coils of the various switch- 'ing devices that are shown in Fig. l, to-

gether with a plurality of corresponding electricalinterlocks and relay contact mem- Assuming that the vehicle is travelin in Ving acceleration and Hold and for controllm ductors TLl, and a battery B or other suitable source of auxiliary ener y.

The field excitation controller 24() is only partly shown, and it will be understood that a 'section corresponding to the drum 10 of Fig. 1, for governing the excitation of the main field windings, actually forms a part of the controller 240 The auxiliary circuit contact members shown are numbered as 245 to 249, inclusive, and have notches` or positions correspondi-n to the several speed relays and. denoted by similar character In the interests of clarity and simplicity, the contact segments 248 and 249 are shown separated from thev remainder of the contact segments for the sol in the complete system.

drum 240, and are respectivel associated with the sets of track-control edA switches 241 and 242, as subsequently described in detail.

The master controller MC1 is adapted to A occu y a plurality of positions designated as ower, Hold and Raise for overnregeneration.

Assuming t at it is desired to .eifectaccelerating operation of the main system that is shown in Fig.;1, the master controller MC1 maybe actuated to lits position Raise, whereby an auxiliarycircuit is established 'from the positive terminal of the battery B lthrough conductor 260, train-line conductor 261, conductor 262, control fingers 263A and 264, which are bridged'by contact segment 265 of the master controller, conductor 266, actuating coil of the line switch LS, conductor 267, train-line conductor 268 and conductor 269 to the negative terminal of the battery B.

A second circuit is continued from the ycontact segment 265y of the master controller rake vlso

pendent of the subsequent operation of the acceleration controller.

Another circuit is simultaneously Acompleted from lthe positively-energized conductor 273 through conductors 278 and 279 and the actuatin coil of the switch M1 to the negative con uctor 267.

The machines are thus connected in seriescircuit relation with the acceleration resistors 1, 2 and 3, as previously traced in connection with Fig. 1.

AThe governing circuitfor the acceleration controller 4 is completed from the conductor 278 through interlocks J-in, G-out, LS--in and the acceleration .limit switch 16, when occupying its lower position, to the actuating coil On--1.v The acceleration controller 4 is thus gradually moved to its final position f in accordance with the position of the limit switch 16.

When the field-excitation controller 240 reaches its position intermediate the notches designated at 50% and 75%, a new circuit is completed from the contact segment 247 through control finger 280, conductor 281, contact member 4-f, the acceleration controller by this time occupying its final position f, and theactuating coils of the switches M2 and G. The series-connecting -switches J and SB are then opened by reasonof the interruption of the auxiliary controlling circuits by the contact se ent 247. In this way, series-parallel or t e reverse transition ofthe main machines may be accomplished in a manner similar to that reviously set forth, and nofurther exposition thereof is deemed necessary.

During the parallel operation of the main machines, the energization of the actuating coil On-l is discontinued and a new circuit is completed from the conductor 27 8 through interlocks J-out, G-in and LS-in and the regeneration limit switch 17 to the actuating coil Off-1, whereby the acceleration controller 4 is rotated in the reverse direction in a manner similar to thatl set forth in connection with Fig. 2.

A further circuit is established in the raise position of the master controller from the contact segment 265 through control finger 290, conductor 291, train-line conductor 292, conductor 293, interlock LS-in, conductor 294, one of the track-controlled switches 247, contact segment 248 of the field-excitation controller 240, conductor 295, actuating coil On-2 for the controller and conductors 296' and 297, to the negative conductor 267.

The field-excitation' controller 240 is thus forwardly actuated to a position corresponding to the particular track switch 241 that is closed. For example, if the upper switch 241 is alone closed, `the circuit of the actuating coil (Dn- 2 is interrupted when thecontroller is moved `to its position marked while the remaining track-controlled switches act in a similar capacity for other speed values.

The energization of the' actuating coil 0n--2 is further controlled from the positively-energized conductor 278 through the acceleration4 limit switch 16 in 'its lower, or light-current, position so that, upon the occurrence of predetermined low-current conditions, the actuating coil On-2`is energized to move the vfield-excitation controller foi"- wardly and decrease the main field strength to thereby reduce the main-armature current.

To manually arrest the movement of the field-excitation `controller 240 at any time, it is merel necessary to return the master controller C1 to its .intermediate position Hold to denergize the governi circuit for the actuating coil On-2 and t usproduce a state of balanced high pressure in the actuating mechanism 11 for the controller.

If the master controller is returned to its position Lower, the circuit of the actuating coil On-2 is interrupted and a new circuit is established from the contact segment 265 throu h control finger 300, conductor 301, trainine conductor 302, conductor 303, interlock LS--in, actuating coil Off- 2, one of the track-controlled switches 242, contact segment 249 of the field-excitation controller, conductor 304 and the regeneration limit switch17, when occupying its low-current position, to the negative conductor 297. Thus, the controller 240 is backwardly actuated to increase the main field-excitation whenever the main-armature current drops to a certain relativel low value, the final position of the controller being determined b the particular track switch. 242 that is close T e operation of the speed relays, during the machine-coasting period, when the line lswitch LS is open, maybe set forth as follows: if the main motors are coasting at a speed equaling, for example, 25% of the balancing or maximum operating speed. the actuating coil of the relay marked 25% R. P. M. is energized fromthe axle-driven armature 87 sufliciently to lift the relay to its upper position, whereby a circuit is established from the positively-energizedv trainline conductor 261 through conductor 310, brid ing contact member 311 of the 25% spee relay, conductor 312, control finger 313, contact segment 245 and control finger 314, of the field-excitation controller, conductor 315, interlock LS-out, and thence throu h conductor 294 and the actuating coil (n-2, as already traced.

The energization -of the actuating coil On-2 is thus maintained until the notch marked 25% of the lfield-excitation cony,

troller 240 is reached, whereupon the circuit just traced is interrupted by t e contact seg- :,seaaio I* axle-drivenarmature 87, by1 reason of travelpositively-energized conductor 310, through l spec relay, conductor 317 and control finger' ing along a down-grade,

ave increased to a value suiiicient to lift the y50% relay, whereupona new 'circuitwis completed from the rid 'ng contact member 316 of the 50% 318, to the contact segment 245.v .The `controllerv l240 thereby .actuated vto its 50% notch, whereupon the energizing circuit .for the controller 1s again interru ted. Similar actions' occur whenl the vehicle Aspeed increases to 75% and.'v 100% of its full value, in

which cases bridging' contact members 319 and 320, respe ;tVively,--l of the 75% and 100% speed relays are utllizedto' energize a new circuit for effecting, further step forwardl of the controller 240. l n

If the initial coasting speed ,of the vehicle is substantially equal to the full-speed value ofthe motors, thecontroller 240'remains in its final position, marked 100%. Assuming thatnthe speedthen `decreases a certain amount, the 100% speedrelay w1ll drop to its lower position yby reason of insufficient enthrough bridging` contact'member 320 of the 100% speed relay in its lower position, conductor A325, control fin er A326, contact seg- .ment 246 and control nger 327 of the con-y troller 240, conductor 328, interlock LS--out and thence .throughthe actuating coil Gill-2, as previously described. The controller 240 is thus moved backwardly onestep to its positionl marked 75%, -wherein the circuit just traced is. interrupted.` v

However, when the ,vehicle speed decreases below such 75% value, the corresponding A yspeed relay.drops4 to its lower vposition to complete .a new circuit from the conductorv 310 through bridging contact member 319 of the relay, conductor 329 Iand control finger 230, whichen'gages the contact seg ment 246, to effect a further backward step Aof the'controller. ,Similar actions occur if the vehicle speed further decreases to permit fthe 50% yand'25%l speed relays to drop to their lower positions.l

Thus, the field-excltation controller 240 i is automatically maintained during the coasting period in a osition suitable for energiz- Y ing the main-fie d windings to such a degree that rapid connection of the machines to the supply circuit under proper `voltage conditions'may be effected.

For regenerative operation of the system,

,the master controllerrMClis moved to its brake positiontoy e'ect the closure of the` line switch LS under proper conditions, r (the necessary relay devices being hereinA 65.

omitted for the sake of simplicity) after the yin the interests of clarity.

parallel connecting or series connecting `swltches have been closedin accordance with the position of the field-excitation controller 240 accordance with the position vofthe regenerationlimit switch 17 the position of the track switches 242.

It is believed that nofurther` exposition of the regenerative operation of the system is .necessary in view of itsy similariFty -to 'the previously-described operation of ig. 4vand also of Fig., 2.

In Fig.. 7, an interlocking arrangement,

that is preferably associated with both sets.

of track-,controlled switches-241 and 242, is illustrated. In general, the illustrated fragf mentary portion of the complete control system is adapted to maint-ain closed any-track switch after it has once been operated to a e closed position by a track ramp, such as that illustrated in Fig. 5'and Fig. 6, and to open the other corresponding track switches at the same time. f

For example, numbering the complete track-.controlled switches having the contact segments 241 ythat are illustrated in Fig. 4, as 335, 336 and 337, respectively, is assumed as previously closed, land switch 335 is then actuated to its closed-position by one of the track ramps,y the energizing coil for the switch 336 is immediately denergized through an interlock 335-out, while a new circuit is established Vfrom the positive terminal of. the battery B or other suitable source of energgy through conductor 338, actuating coil o the switch 335,7 bridging contact member 339 of the switchin. its upperposition, conductor 340, interlock 336- out, conductor 341, interlock 337 -out and conductors 342 and 343, tothe negative terminal of the battery The switch 335 is thus held in its closed position until'one of the other switches is actuated by the track.

ramps to its closedposition, whereupon the energizing circuit Afor the switch 335 is interrupted and the other switch is then held closed by being interlocked through itselfif switch 336' and also dependent upon and through the other switches in their out or open position, y y

I desire it to be understood that although, and simplicity, I have shown limit switches of the familiar solenoidtype, invl actual operation, VI prefer motor-type or torque-operated devices, such as thoseset forth 1n the above-identified copending application `of Rudolf E. Hellmund wherein the armature and field winding of lthe relay device are preferably energized in accordance with the main-armature current and main-field-winding voltage respectively.

iso

. and scope-of my j troller having rangement Awith a In this way, a more smoothl -operating an more ycommercial system o tams.

I do not wish to be restricted to the specific circuit connections, structural details or arof parts hereinset' forth, as various further `modifications thereof may be elected without departing from the spirit invention. I desire, therefore, that only such limitations shall be imposed as yarel indicated in lthe appended claims@y I claim as my invention.:

1. In ay lurality of dynamo-electric machines', o? means for connectin saidmachin for series and for paralle operation, a plurality of variable resistors and .a cononesegment :operable in l oppositeV directions during series and parallel v clude leach resistor from circuit in either with a circuittobe connections of the machines to gradually excase. y

2. In a system of control, the combination verned, of a plurality of switches, afplura ity of multi-section re- Vsistorseach having one terminal connected to tlies'ame switch and having their other terminals connected to different switches, a plurality of control fingers located near the kjoined terminals ofthe respective resistors,

, and a plurality of reversible-controller con.

tact segments, y engaging one of said terminals `and the adjacent control linger and in the other extreme position enga the 'other corres riding terminal and sai adjacent control nger.

3. In a system of control. the combination with a supply-circuit and a plurality' of dynamo-electric machines severally having armatures and field windings, of means for 'connecting said machines for series and for parallel operation, a controller Iforvary'in the volta 'relations of the armatures an the supp circuitra second-controller for varying t e excitation of said iield windinV andmeans for successively operating f said controllersin similar vdirections during the armatures andthe su series machineY operation V and in opposite directions during parallel machine operation.l

4. Ina system of control, the combination with a supply-circuit and a plurality of dynamo-electric machines severally `having armatures' and field windings, of means for connecting said machines for series and fora controller for gradually arallel operation p ge difference between eliminating the volta l spective of the direction o controller movement, asecond controller having two sets of positions for similarly varying the excitation of the mainfield windin and means for successively o erating the rst controller in one direction t rough all its positions and the second controller through one set of vposystem of control, the combination each in' one extreme positionv chines ply circuitirremachine operation and for successively operating the first controller .in the opposite direction through all litspositions andthe second controller through the second set of `its positions during parallel machine operation in the same direction as before...

5. In a system of control, the combination with a dynamo-electric machine, and a controller for regulating the operation thereof, of an actuating mechanism `for said controller having a plurality of coils for efecting movement thereof in the one or the other direction, and means\dependent u on predetermined operating conditions `o said machine for governing the controller movement in either irection.

"- 6. In a system of control, the combination with a dynamo-electric machine, and a controller `for regulating the oy ration thereof, ofv a fluid-pressure-opera mechanism for said controller havin a lurality ofv normally openvalves, a p ura ityy of valve-actuating coils for efecting controller movement"V in the one or the lother direction, and a plu` rality of relays'energized in accordance with certain machine currents for intermittently energizing the respective valves during the corresponding controller o ration.

7 In a system of contro the combination V with a supply-circuit and a dynamo-electric machine aving an amature and a field winding, l

or a plurality of speed ranges, movable means forvarying the voltage relations of the armature and the supply circuit, movable means for vaiying the excitation of said field winding, an means operative during the machine coasting period and dependentv upon one of said movable means` for insuring a movement of the other to produce certain circuit conditions before the connection of the' machine to the supply-circuit for either of said speed ranges.

- 8. vIn a system of control, the combination with a supply-circuit and a plurality of dynamo-electric machines severally having armatures and field windings, of means for connecting said machines for series and for parallel operation, a' controller for varyin the volta e relations of the armatures an the supp circuit', a second controller for varying the excitation of said field windin and means operative durin themachine coasting period and depen ent upon the position of the second controller for insuring a movementof the first controller to produce the maximum available voltage dif-l yference between the armatures and the supof-'means for connecting said mane y dynamo-electric machines severally having armatures and field windings, of means for connecting said machines for series and for parallel operation, a plurality of resistors in circuit with the-"respective armatures, a

- tion of said switch during the machine coasting period and .also dependent upon the occupied position ofthe second controller for electrically eii'ecting a movement of the first controller to the corresponding extreme position for inserting the entire resistors in circuit, and means forthereupon effecting the proper mutual relation of the machines and closing said switch to collectively connect the machines` to the supply-circuit.

10. In a system `of control, the combination with a supply-circuit and a pluralityof dynamo-electric machines severally having armatures and field windings, of means for connecting said machines for series and for parallel operation, a plurality of resistors in circuit with the respective armatures, a con. troller for gradually excluding said resistors from circuit irrespective of the direction of controller movement, a second controller having two sets of positions respectively corresponding to series and to parallel machine operation forwarying the excitation of the main field windings, a switch for connecting the machines to the supply-circuit, means dependent upon the relation .oi supply-circuit and armature voltages during the machine coasting period for automatically maintaining the second controller in a position to produce a substantial equality of such voltages, means dependent upon the open condition of said switch during the machine coasting period and also dependent upon thejoccupied position of the second 'controllerfor electrically effecting a movement ofthe first controllerto the corresponding extreme position for inserting the entire resistors in circuitand means for thereu on effecting the proper mutual relation ofthemachines and closing said switch to collectively connect the machines to the supply' circuit. y

1l. In a system of control, 'the combination with a plurality of dynamo-electric machines, ofa pluralityof. switches for connecting 'the machines.l for series and for parallel operation, a lplurality of variable resistors, a controller operable in opposite directions during series and parallel connections of the machines to gradually exclude the resistors from circuit in either case, and means dependent upon the positions of said switches for reversing the direction of movement of said controller.

12. In a system of control, the combination with a plurality of dynamo-electric machines, of a plurality of switches for connecting the machines for series and for parallel operation, a plurality of variable resistors, a controller operable in opposite directions during series and parallel connections of the machines to gradually exclude the resistors from circuit in either case, a plurality of actuating coils for said controllerto effect movement thereof in the one or the other direction, and interlocking means governed by said switches for energizing the proper coil to `reverse the direction of movement of said controller upon the transition of machine relations from series to parallel or vice versa.

n 13. In a system of control, the combination with a dynamo-electric machine, of multi-position means yfor regulating the operation thereof, and a plurality of means each dependent upon the machine speed for independently effecting step-by-step actuation of said multi-position means in either direction.

14. In a, system of control, the combination with a dynamo-electric machine, of a controller for regulating the operation thereof, a plurality of actuating coils for said controller to eiiect movement thereof in the one or the other direction, and a pluralit of relay devices actuated in accordance wit different vehicle speeds, the energization of said actuating coils during the machine coastingv period being dependent upon said relay devices and the controller positions to produce a step-by-step controller movement in either direction.

15. In a system of control, the combination with a dynamo-electric machine, of multi-A position means for regulating the operation thereof, and a plurality of means dependent upon different machine speeds and upon the controller position for effecting step-by-step actuation of said multi-position means.

16. In a system of control, the combination with a dynamo-electric machine, of a controller for regulating the operation' thereof, and a plurality of relay devices dependent upon t e machine speed for effecting step-by-step actuation of said controller thereof in the one orthe other direction,

anv auxiliary generatorA rotatable with said :maV

i tions to produce a step-by-step controller machine, anda plurality of two-position relay devices ener 'zed by said generator, the energization o one of said actuating coils during the machine coasting period being dependent upon the upward movement of said relay devices and the controller posimovement in the one direction and the energization vof the other actuating coil being dependent upon the downward movement o said relay devices and the controller positions to produceV a step-by-step movement in the other direction.

18. In a system of control, the combinationwith a pluralit of dynamo-electric machines, of means or connecting said machines for a plurality of diiferent operating relations, aplurality of variable resistors and a single contact member operable in different directions during such operatn relations to gradually exclude each resistor from circuit in either case.

19. In a system of control, the combination with a supply circuit and a plurality of 20. In a system of control, the combina- 4 tion with' a dynamo-electric machine, of'

multi-position means for regulating the operation thereof, a plurality of independent means electrically controlled in accordance with different 'machine speeds for each eifecting step-by-s'tep movement of said multi-position means in either direction.

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 14th day of. Sept.,

ARTHUR J. HALL.

Corrections in Leiters Patent No 1 ,365,316,

vIt is hereby certiod that in 'Letters 'Potcn No., 1,365,316, granted January 1.1, 1921, upon the application of Arthur J., Poli, o' "WilkinsiourgJ Pennsylvania, for

an improvement in Systems of Control, crrois appear in tho printed specifica,-

tiou requiring correction. aus folows: Page lino '1042,{03' the Woid. is read are; page,7,'1ino H5, for tho Word. of ioac'i 0T; pogo l2, lines 97-98, claim 7 fol' the Word machines road machine; and thm; tho said Letters Patent should bc read'with those corrections therein thai; the somo may conform to the record of the caso in the Patent 'ico. I

Signed and sealed this 22d doy o Fc'brum'y, A. D., 'WZL L; B. MANN.,

[SEAL] Acting Uommissioner of Patents.

Corrections in Letters Patent No 1,365,316.

rIt is'hereby certified that in Letters 'Patent No., l,365,3l6, granted J enuery 11, 1921, upon the application of Arthur J. Hell, of Wilkinsburg, Pennsylvania, for

an improvement in Systems of Control, errors appear in the printed specifice- ,tion requiring correction as follows: Page l, line '104,for the Word is reed are; page 7,line 115, for the Word of read or; pege 12,l lines 97-98, claim 7, for the Word machines read machine; and that the seid Letters Patent should be rea'd'with these corrections thereinthat the seme may conform to the record of the cese in the Patent Office. i

Signed and sealed this 22d dey of February, A. D., '1921.

[SEAL] L. B. MANN,

p Acting Commissioner of Patents. Cl. l72-l79. 

